Understanding PMADs: What Every Parent Should Know

Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) Explained

Pregnancy and new parenthood are often portrayed as joyful, magical times—but for many women, these stages also bring unexpected emotional struggles. If you're feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or unlike yourself during or after pregnancy, you're not alone—and you're not failing. You may be experiencing a Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorder, or PMAD.

At our psychiatric practice, we believe in compassionate, evidence-based care for women experiencing PMADs. This article is here to help you understand what PMADs are, how to recognize the signs, and what support is available.

What Are PMADs?

Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) are a group of emotional and mental health conditions that can occur during pregnancy (the perinatal period) or within the first year after childbirth.

PMADs affect up to 1 in 5 women, making them the most common complication of childbirth—yet they often go undiagnosed and untreated.

PMADs include:

• Postpartum Depression (PPD)

• Postpartum Anxiety (PPA)

• Postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (PPOCD)

• Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PPTSD)

• Bipolar Mood Disorder with perinatal onset

• Postpartum Psychosis (rare but serious)

  
  

These conditions are real, treatable medical concerns—not a reflection of your ability to be a good parent.

Signs and Symptoms of PMADs

Symptoms vary depending on the type of PMAD, but common signs include:

Emotional Symptoms:

• Persistent sadness, hopelessness, or crying spells

• Racing thoughts or excessive worry

• Irritability, anger, or mood swings

• Feeling disconnected from your baby or partner

• Guilt or shame about not feeling “happy” enough

Physical and Behavioral Symptoms:

• Changes in sleep or appetite

• Fatigue or exhaustion that doesn’t improve with rest

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

• Avoidance of social interaction or activities

• Thoughts of harm to yourself or your baby (seek immediate help if you experience this)

Who’s at Risk for PMADs?

PMADs can affect anyone, regardless of age, race, income level, or number of previous pregnancies. However, risk factors may include:

• Personal or family history of depression or anxiety

• Previous perinatal mental health issues

• Lack of support at home

• Traumatic birth experience

• Complications during pregnancy or postpartum

• Thyroid or hormonal imbalances

  
  

You don’t need to have any risk factors to be affected.

Why PMADs Are Often Missed

Many new parents don’t recognize the symptoms of PMADs, or they fear being judged if they speak up.

You may tell yourself:

“This is just baby blues.”

“Other moms are handling it better.”

“I should be grateful—I have a healthy baby.”

But PMADs go beyond typical postpartum adjustments. If your symptoms last more than two weeks, worsen over time, or interfere with daily life, it's time to reach out.

Treatment and Support: You’re Not Alone

PMADs are highly treatable. You don’t have to “tough it out.” Effective support may include:

• Psychiatric evaluation to identify the specific type of PMAD

• Therapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT)

• Medication, when appropriate and safe (including during pregnancy and breastfeeding)

• Support groups or peer support networks

• Lifestyle and wellness planning to rebuild energy and resilience

  
  

At our practice, we specialize in women’s mental health—including comprehensive care for PMADs. We offer personalized treatment plans in a judgment-free environment where you can speak openly and begin to heal.

PMADs Don’t Define You—They’re Something You’re Going Through

Having a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder doesn't mean you’re a bad mom. It means you're human—and you deserve support.

Early intervention makes a difference. The sooner you seek help, the sooner you can start feeling like yourself again.

We’re Here for You

If you’re struggling during pregnancy or postpartum, you’re not alone. Schedule a confidential psychiatric consultation today to learn how we can help you find relief and reclaim your joy.

Because caring for your mental health is one of the most powerful ways you can care for your family.